Report Title:

Water Quality Standards

 

Description:

Amends state water quality standards for marine waters to conform to federal standards.  (HD1)

 


THE SENATE

S.B. NO.

1008

TWENTY-FIFTH LEGISLATURE, 2009

S.D. 1

STATE OF HAWAII

H.D. 1

 

 

 

 

 

A BILL FOR AN ACT


 

 

RELATING TO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS.

 

 

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:

 


     SECTION 1.  The purpose of this Act is to revise certain state water quality standards for inland and marine waters on an interim basis to conform to levels recommended by the State of Hawaii and United States Environmental Protection Agency, until the state department of health proposes, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency approves, standards for the pollutants and indicator organism identified in this Act, pursuant to the review of state water quality standards mandated under Section 303(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended.  The legislature finds that these revisions are important to the economic and social development of the State and that these revised standards are adequate to fully protect the designated and existing uses of the State's inland and marine waters.

     SECTION 2.  (a)  In accordance with Section 303(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended, the water quality criteria in the 2006 United States Environmental Protection Agency National Recommended Water Quality Criteria, including the applicable footnotes and appendices, for all Priority Toxic Pollutants and Non-Priority Pollutants for the protection of aquatic life in surface water (acute and chronic effects in fresh water and salt water), and for the protection of human health for consumption (organism only), are hereby adopted by the State as water quality standards and apply to all state inland and marine waters, except for:

     (1)  The 2006 National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, chromium III, chromium VI, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc; and

     (2)  The 2006 National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for non-priority pollutants not currently listed in chapter 11-54, Hawaii Administrative Rules.

     (b)  When there is no nationally recommended criterion promulgated for a Priority or Non-Priority Pollutant, relevant provisions in chapter 11‑54, Hawaii Administrative Rules, relating to that pollutant are not repealed by virtue of or deemed inconsistent with this Act and remain in effect.

     (c)  The following table of numeric standards for toxic pollutants applicable to all waters fully incorporates the water quality standards adopted by the State pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) and the relevant provisions of chapter 11-54, Hawaii Administrative Rules, that are not repealed or deemed inconsistent with this Act and shall remain in effect.  The freshwater standards shall apply where the dissolved inorganic ion concentration is less than 0.5 parts per thousand and the saltwater standards shall apply above 0.5 parts per thousand.  Values for metals refer to the dissolved fraction.  All values are expressed in micrograms per liter.


Numerical

 Standards for Toxic

 Pollutants Applicable

 to All Waters (A)

carcinogen

 

Freshwater

Saltwater

Human Health for the consumption of

 

 

EPA Priority Pollutant No.

and Name[1]

CAS

Number

CMC 1  (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

CMC 1 (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

Organism Only

FR Cite/ Source

1

Antimony

 

7440360

3000

ns

ns

ns

640 B

65FR66443

2

Arsenic

 

7440382

360

190

69

36

ns

 

3

Beryllium

X

7440417

43

ns

ns

ns

0.038

 

4

Cadmium

 

7440439

3*

3*

43

9.3

ns

 

5b

Chromium (VI)

 

18540299

16

11

1100

50

ns

 

6

Copper

 

 

6*

6*

2.9

2.9

ns

 

7

Lead

 

7439921

29*

29*

140

5.6

ns

 

8a

Mercury

 

7439976

2.4

0.55

2.1

0.025

0.047

 

8b

Methylmercury

 

22967926

1.4 D,K,hh

0.77 D,K,hh

1.8 D,ee,hh

0.94 D,ee,hh

0.3 mg/kg J

EPA823-R-01-001

9

Nickel

 

 

5*

5*

75

8.3

33

 

10

Selenium

 

7782492

20

5

300

71

ns

 

11

Silver

 

7440224

1*

1*

2.3

ns

ns

 

12

Thallium

 

7440280

470

ns

710

ns

0.47

68FR75510

13

Zinc

 

7440666

22*

22*

95

86

ns

 

14

Cyanide

 

57125

22 K,Q

5.2 K,Q

1 Q,bb

1 Q,bb

140 jj

68FR75510 57FR60848 EPA820/B-96-001

15

Asbestos

 

1332214

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

57FR60848

16

2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)

X

1746016

0.003

ns

ns

ns

5.1E-9 C

65FR66443

17

Acrolein

107028

23

ns

18

ns

290

65FR66443

18

Acrylonitrile

X

107131

2500

ns

ns

ns

0.25 B,C

65FR66443

19

Benzene

X

71432

1800

ns

1700

ns

51 B,C

IRIS 01/19/00 &65FR66443

20

Bromoform

 

75252

ns

ns

ns

ns

140 B,C

65FR66443

21

Carbon Tetrachloride

X

56235

12000

ns

16000

ns

1.6 B,C

65FR66443

22

Chlorobenzene

 

108907

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,600 U

68FR75510

23

Chlorodibromomethane

 

124481

ns

ns

ns

ns

13 B,C

65FR66443

24

Chloroethane

 

75003

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

25

2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether

 

110758

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

26

Chloroform

X

67663

9600

ns

ns

ns

470 C,P

62FR42160

27

Dichlorobromomethane

 

75274

ns

ns

ns

ns

17 B,C

65FR66443

28

1,1-Dichloroethane

 

75343

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

29

1,2-Dichloroethane

X

107062

39000

ns

38000

ns

37 B,C

65FR66443

30

1,1-Dichloroethylene

 

75354

ns

ns

ns

ns

7,100

68FR75510

31

1,2-Dichloropropane

 

78875

ns

ns

ns

ns

15 B,C

65FR66443

32

1,3-Dichloropropene

 

542756

2000

ns

260

ns

21 C

68FR75510

33

Ethylbenzene

 

100414

11000

ns

140

ns

2,100

68FR75510

34

Methyl Bromide

 

74839

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,500 B

65FR66443

35

Methyl Chloride

 

74873

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

65FR31682

36

Methylene Chloride

 

75092

ns

ns

ns

ns

590 B,C

65FR66443

37

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

X

79345

ns

ns

3000

ns

4.0 B,C

65FR66443

38

Tetrachloroethylene

X

127184

1800

ns

3400

145

3.3 C

65FR66443

39

Toluene

 

108883

5800

ns

2100

ns

15,000

68FR75510

40

1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene

 

156605

ns

ns

ns

ns

10,000

68FR75510

41

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

 

71556

6000

ns

10400

ns

340,000

65FR31682

42

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

X

79005

6000

ns

ns

ns

16 B,C

65FR66443

43

Trichloroethylene

X

79016

15000

ns

700

ns

30 C

65FR66443

44

Vinyl Chloride

X

75014

ns

ns

ns

ns

2.4 C,kk

68FR75510

45

2-Chlorophenol

 

95578

1400

ns

ns

ns

150 B,U

65FR66443

46

2,4-Dichlorophenol

 

120832

670

ns

ns

ns

290 B,U

65FR66443

47

2,4-Dimethylphenol

 

105679

700

ns

ns

ns

850 B,U

65FR66443

48

2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol

 

534521

ns

ns

ns

ns

280

65FR66443

49

2,4-Dinitrophenol

 

51285

ns

ns

ns

ns

5,300 B

65FR66443

50

2-Nitrophenol

 

88755

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

51

4-Nitrophenol

 

100027

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

52

3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol

 

59507

ns

ns

ns

ns

U

 

53

Pentachlorophenol

 

87865

19 F,K

15 F,K

13 bb

7.9 bb

3.0 B,C,H

65FR66443 65FR31682

54

Phenol

 

108952

3400

ns

170

ns

1,700,000 B,U

65FR66443

55

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

X

88062

ns

ns

ns

ns

2.4 B,C,U

65FR66443

56

Acenaphthene

 

83329

570

ns

320

ns

990 B,U

65FR66443

57

Acenaphthylene

 

208968

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

58

Anthracene

 

120127

ns

ns

ns

ns

40,000 B

65FR66443

59

Benzidine

X

92875

800

ns

ns

ns

0.00020 B,C

65FR66443

60

Benzo(a) Anthracene

 

56553

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

61

Benzo(a) Pyrene

 

50328

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

62

Benzo(b) Fluoranthene

 

205992

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

63

Benzo(ghi) Perylene

 

191242

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

64

Benzo(k) Fluoranthene

 

207089

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

65

Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) Methane

 

111911

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

66

Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether

X

111444

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.53 B,C

65FR66443

67

Bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) Ether

 

108601

ns

ns

ns

ns

65,000 B

65FR66443

68

Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) PhthalateX

 

117817

ns

ns

ns

ns

2.2 B,C

65FR66443

69

4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether

 

101553

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

70

Butylbenzyl PhthalateW

 

85687

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,900 B

65FR66443

71

2-Chloronaphthalene

 

91587

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,600 B

65FR66443

72

4-Chlorophenyl Phenyl Ether

 

7005723

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

73

Chrysene

 

218019

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

74

Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene

 

53703

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

75

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

 

95501

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,300

68FR75510

76

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

 

541731

ns

ns

ns

ns

960

65FR66443

77

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

 

106467

ns

ns

ns

ns

190

68FR75510

78

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

X

91941

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.028 B,C

65FR66443

79

Diethyl PhthalateW

 

84662

ns

ns

ns

ns

44,000 B

65FR66443

80

Dimethyl PhthalateW

 

131113

ns

ns

ns

ns

1,100,000

65FR66443

81

Di-n-Butyl PhthalateW

 

84742

ns

ns

ns

ns

4,500 B

65FR66443

82

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

 

121142

ns

ns

ns

ns

3.4 C

65FR66443

83

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

 

606202

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

84

Di-n-Octyl Phthalate

 

117840

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

85

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine

 

122667

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.20 B,C

65FR66443

86

Fluoranthene

 

206440

1300

ns

13

ns

140 B

65FR66443

87

Fluorene

 

86737

ns

ns

ns

ns

5,300 B

65FR66443

88

Hexachlorobenzene

X

118741

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.00029 B,C

65FR66443

89

Hexachlorobutadiene

X

87683

30

ns

11

ns

18 B,C

65FR66443

90

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

 

77474

2

ns

2

ns

1,100 U

68FR75510

91

Hexachloroethane

X

67721

330

ns

310

ns

3.3 B,C

65FR66443

92

Ideno(1,2,3-cd)Pyrene

 

193395

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.018 B,C

65FR66443

93

Isophorone

 

78591

39000

ns

4300

ns

960 B,C

65FR66443

94

Naphthalene

 

91203

770

ns

780

ns

ns

 

95

Nitrobenzene

 

98953

9000

ns

2200

ns

690 B,H,U

65FR66443

96

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

X

62759

ns

ns

ns

ns

3.0 B,C

65FR66443

97

N-Nitrosodi-n-Propylamine

 

621647

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.51 B,C

65FR66443

98

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine

X

86306

ns

ns

ns

ns

6.0 B,C

65FR66443

99

Phenanthrene

 

85018

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

100

Pyrene

 

129000

ns

ns

ns

ns

4,000 B

65FR66443

101

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

 

120821

ns

ns

ns

ns

70

68FR75510

102

Aldrin

X

309002

3.0 G

ns

1.3 G

ns

 0.000050 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

103

alpha-BHC

X

319846

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.0049 B,C

65FR66443

104

beta-BHC

X

319857

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.017 B,C

65FR66443

105

gamma-BHC (Lindane)

X

58899

0.95 K

0.08

0.16 G

 ns

1.8 

65FR31682 68FR75510

106

delta-BHC

 

319868

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

0.0043 G,aa

0.09 G

 0.00081 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

107

Chlordane

X

57749

2.4 G

0.004 G,aa

108

4,4'-DDT

X

50293

1.1 G,ii

0.001 G,aa,ii

0.13 G,ii

0.001 G,aa,ii

0.00022 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

109

4,4'-DDE

 

72559

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.00022 B,C

65FR66443

110

4,4'-DDD

 

72548

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.00031 B,C

65FR66443

60571

0.24 K

0.056 K,O

0.71 G

 0.0019 G,aa

 0.000054 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

111

Dieldrin

X

112

alpha-Endosulfan

 

959988

0.22 G,Y

0.056 G,Y

0.034 G,Y

0.0087 G,Y

89 B

65FR66443 65FR31682

113

beta-Endosulfan

 

33213659

0.22 G,Y

0.056 G,Y

0.034 G,Y

 0.0087 G,Y

89 B

65FR66443 65FR31682

114

Endosulfan Sulfate

 

1031078

ns

ns

ns

ns

89 B

65FR66443

115

Endrin

 

72208

0.086 K

0.036 K,O

0.037 G

0.0023 G,aa

0.06

65FR31682

68FR75510

116

Endrin Aldehyde

 

7421934

 ns

ns

ns 

ns 

0.30 B,H

65FR66443

117

Heptachlor

X

76448

0.52 G

0.0038 G,aa

0.053 G

0.0036 G,aa

 0.000079 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

 

 

Numerical

 Standards for Toxic

 Pollutants Applicable

 to All Waters (A)

carcinogen

 

Freshwater

Saltwater

Human Health for the consumption of

 

 

EPA Priority Pollutant No.

and Name[2]

CAS

Number

CMC 1  (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

CMC 1 (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

Organism Only

FR Cite/ Source

118

Heptachlor Epoxide

 

1024573

0.52 G,V

0.0038 G,V,aa

0.053 G,V

 0.0036 G,V,aa

 0.000039 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

X

-

2.0

0.014

10

 0.03 N,aa

 0.000064 B,C,N

65FR66443 65FR31682

119

120

Toxaphene

X

8001352

0.73

0.0002 aa

0.21

 0.0002 aa

 0.00028 B,C

65FR66443 65FR31682

FOOTNOTES

 

Numerical Standards for Toxic Pollutants Applicable to All Waters (A)

 

* The Value listed is the minimum standard.  Depending upon the receiving water CaCO3 hardness, higher standards may be calculated using the respective formula in the USEPA publication Quality Criteria for Water (EPA 44/5-86-001, Revised May 1, 1987)

 

B This criterion has been revised to reflect The Environmental Protection Agency's q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of May 17, 2002. The fish tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) from the 1980 Ambient Water Quality Criteria document was retained in each case.

 

C This criterion is based on carcinogenicity of 10-6 risk. Alternate risk levels may be obtained by moving the decimal point (e.g., for a risk level of 10-5, move the decimal point in the recommended criterion one place to the right).

 

D Freshwater and saltwater criteria for metals are expressed in terms of the dissolved metal in the water column. The recommended water quality criteria value was calculated by using the previous 304(a) aquatic life criteria expressed in terms of total recoverable metal, and multiplying it by a conversion factor (CF). The term "Conversion Factor" (CF) represents the recommended conversion factor for converting a metal criterion expressed as the total recoverable fraction in the water column to a criterion expressed as the dissolved fraction in the water column. (Conversion Factors for saltwater CCCs are not currently available. Conversion factors derived for saltwater CMCs have been used for both saltwater CMCs and CCCs). See "Office of Water Policy and Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria" October 1, 1993, by Martha G. Prothro, Acting Assistant Administrator for Water, available from the Water Resource Center and 40CFR§131.36(b)(1). Conversion Factors applied in the table can be found in Appendix A to the Preamble- Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals.

 

F Freshwater aquatic life values for pentachlorophenol are expressed as a function of pH, and are calculated as follows: CMC = exp(1.005(pH)-4.869); CCC = exp(1.005(pH)-5.134). Values displayed in table correspond to a pH of 7.8.

 

G This Criterion is based on 304(a) aquatic life criterion issued in 1980, and was issued in one of the following documents: Aldrin/Dieldrin (EPA 440/5-80-019), Chlordane EPA 440/5-80-027), DDT (EPA 440/5-80-038), Endosulfan (EPA 440/5-80-046), Endrin (EPA 440/5-80-047), Heptachlor (EPA 440/5-80-052), Hexachlorocyclohexane (EPA 440/5-80-054), Silver (EPA 440/5-80-071). The Minimum Data Requirements and derivation procedures were different in the 1980 Guidelines than in the 1985 Guidelines. For example, a "CMC" derived using the 1980 Guidelines was derived to be used as an instantaneous maximum. If assessment is to be done using an averaging period, the values given should be divided by 2 to obtain a value that is more comparable to a CMC derived using the 1985 Guidelines.

 

H No criterion for protection of human health from consumption of aquatic organisms excluding water was presented in the 1980 criteria document or in the 1986 Quality Criteria for Water. Nevertheless, sufficient information was presented in the 1980 document to allow the calculation of a criterion, even though the results of such a calculation were not shown in the document.

 

J This fish tissue residue criterion for methylmercury is based on a total fish consumption rate of 0.0175 kg/day.

 

K This recommended criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water, (EPA-820-B-96-001, September 1996). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40CFR132 Appendix A); the difference between the 1985 Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. None of the decisions concerning the derivation of this criterion were affected by any considerations that are specific to the Great Lakes.

 

N This criterion applies to total pcbs, (e.g., the sum of all congener or all isomer or homolog or Aroclor analyses.)

 

O The derivation of the CCC for this pollutant (Endrin) did not consider exposure through the diet, which is probably important for aquatic life occupying upper trophic levels.

 

P Although a new RfD is available in IRIS, the surface water criteria will not be revised until the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) is completed, since public comment on the relative source contribution (RSC) for chloroform is anticipated.

 

Q This recommended water quality criterion is expressed as g free cyanide (as CN)/L.

 

U The organoleptic effect criterion is more stringent than the value for priority toxic pollutants.

 

Y This value was derived from data for endosulfan and is most appropriately applied to the sum of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan.

 

aa This criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion issued in 1980 or 1986, and was issued in one of the following documents: Aldrin/Dieldrin (EPA 440/5-80-019), Chlordane (EPA 440/5-80-027), DDT (EPA 440/5-80-038), Endrin (EPA 440/5-80-047), Heptachlor (EPA 440/5-80-052), Polychlorinated biphenyls (EPA 440/5-80-068), Toxaphene (EPA 440/5-86-006). This CCC is currently based on the Final Residue Value (FRV) procedure. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria Guidelines in 1995 (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995), the Agency no longer uses the Final Residue Value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria. Therefore, the Agency anticipates that future revisions of this CCC will not be based on the FRV procedure.

 

bb This water quality criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines(Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in one of the following criteria documents: Arsenic (EPA 440/5-84-033), Cadmium (EPA-822-R-01-001), Chromium (EPA 440/5-84-029), Copper(EPA 440/5-84-031), Cyanide(EPA 440/5- 84-028), Lead (EPA 440/5-84-027), Nickel (EPA 440/5-86-004), Pentachlorophenol (EPA 440/5-86-009), Toxaphene, (EPA 440/5-86-006), Zinc (EPA 440/5-87- 003).

 

ee This recommended water quality criterion was derived on page 43 of the mercury criteria document (EPA 440/5-84-026, January 1985). The saltwater CCC of 0.025 ug/L given on page 23 of the criteria document is based on the Final Residue Value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria Guidelines in 1995 (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995), the Agency no longer uses the Final Residue Value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria.

 

hh This recommended water quality criterion was derived from data for inorganic mercury (II), but is applied here to total mercury. If a substantial portion of the mercury in the water column is methylmercury, this criterion will probably be under protective. In addition, even though inorganic mercury is converted to methylmercury and methylmercury bioaccumulates to a great extent, this criterion does not account for uptake via the food chain because sufficient data were not available when the criterion was derived.

 

jj This recommended water quality criterion is expressed as total cyanide, even though the IRIS RFD we used to derive the criterion is based on free cyanide. The multiple forms of cyanide that are present in ambient water have significant differences in toxicity due to their differing abilities to liberate the CN-moiety. Some complex cyanides require even more extreme conditions than refluxing with sulfuric acid to liberate the CN-moiety. Thus, these complex cyanides are expected to have little or no 'bioavailability' to humans. If a substantial fraction of the cyanide present in a water body is present in a complexed form (e.g., Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), this criterion may be over conservative.

 

 


 


Numerical Standards for Toxic Pollutants Applicable to All Waters (B)

carcinogen

 

Freshwater

Saltwater

Human Health for the consumption of

 

 

EPA Non-Priority Pollutant No. and Name[3]

CAS Number

CMC 1  (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

CMC 1 (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

Organism Only

FR Cite/ Source

2

Aluminum pH 6.5 – 9.0

 

7429905

750 G,I

87 G,I,L

ns

ns

ns

53FR33178

9

Chlorine

 

7782505

19

11

13

7.5

ns

Gold Book

12

Chloropyrifos

 

2921882

0.083 G

0.041 G

0.011 G

0.0056 G

ns

Gold Book

14

Demeton

 

8065483

ns

0.1 F

ns

0.1 F

ns

Gold Book

15

Ether, Bis(Chloromethyl)

X

542881

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.00029 E,H

65FR66443

17

Guthion

86500

ns

0.01 F

ns

0.01 F

ns

Gold Book

19

Hexachlorocyclo-hexane-Technical

X

608731

ns

ns

ns

0.0414

Gold Book

21

Malathion

 

121755

ns

0.1 F

ns

0.1 F

ns

Gold Book

23

Methoxychlor

 

72435

ns

0.03 F

ns

0.03 F

ns

Gold Book

24

Mirex

 

2385855

ns

0.001 F

ns

0.001 F

ns

Gold Book

26

Nitrosamines

X

1950

ns

ns

ns

1.24

Gold Book

29

Nitrosodibutylamine, N

X

924163

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.22 A,H

65FR66443

30

Nitrosodiethylamine, N

X

55185

ns

ns

ns

ns

1.24 A,H

Gold Book

31

Nitrosopyrrolidine, N

X

930552

ns

ns

ns

ns

34 H

65FR66443

35

Parathion

 

56382

0.065 J

0.013 J

ns

ns

ns

Gold Book

36

Pentachlorobenzene

 

608935

ns

ns

ns

ns

1.5 E

65FR66443

45

Tetrachlorobenzene,1,2,4,5

 

95943

ns

ns

ns

ns

1.1 E

65FR66443

46

Tributyltin (TBT)

 

0.46 Q

0.072 Q

0.42 Q

0.0074 Q

ns

69FR342

 

FOOTNOTES

Numerical Standards for Toxic Pollutants Applicable to All Waters (B)

A This human health criterion is the same as originally published in the Red Book which predates the 1980 methodology and did not utilize the fish ingestion BCF approach. This same criterion value is now published in the Gold Book.

E This criterion has been revised to reflect EPA's q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of May 17, 2002. The fish tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) used to derive the original criterion was retained in each case.

F The derivation of this value is presented in the Red Book (EPA 440/9-76-023, July, 1976).

G This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines (Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in one of the following criteria documents: Aluminum (EPA 440/5-86-008); Chloride (EPA 440/5-88-001); Chloropyrifos (EPA 440/5-86-005).

 

H This criterion is based on carcinogenicity of 10-6 risk. Alternate risk levels may be obtained by moving the decimal point (e.g., for a risk level of 10-5, move the decimal point in the recommended criterion one place to the right).

I This value for aluminum is expressed in terms of total recoverable metal in the water column.

J This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water (EPA-820-B-96-001). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40CFR132 Appendix A); the differences between the 1985 Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. No decision concerning this criterion was affected by any considerations that are specific to the Great Lakes.

 

L There are three major reasons why the use of Water-Effect Ratios might be appropriate.

 

1. The value of 87 µg/l is based on a toxicity test with the striped bass in water with pH = 6.5–6.6 and hardness <10 mg/L. Data in "Aluminum Water-Effect Ratio for the 3M Plant Effluent Discharge, Middleway, West Virginia" (May 1994) indicate that aluminum is substantially less toxic at higher pH and hardness, but the effects of pH and hardness are not well quantified at this time.

2. In tests with the brook trout at low pH and hardness, effects increased with increasing concentrations of total aluminum even though the concentration of dissolved aluminum was constant, indicating that total recoverable is a more appropriate measurement than dissolved, at least when particulate aluminum is primarily aluminum hydroxide particles. In surface waters, however, the total recoverable procedure might measure aluminum associated with clay particles, which might be less toxic than aluminum associated with aluminum hydroxide.

3. EPA is aware of field data indicating that many high quality waters in the U.S. contain more than 87 g aluminum/L, when either total recoverable or dissolved is measured.

Q EPA announced the availability of a draft updated tributyltin (TBT) document on August 7, 1997 (62FR42554). The Agency has reevaluated this document and anticipates releasing an updated document for public comment in the near future.

 

 

 

Numerical Standards for Toxic Pollutants Applicable to All Waters (C)

carcinogen

 

Freshwater

Saltwater

Human Health for the consumption of

 

 

Pollutant Name

CAS Number

CMC 1  (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

CMC 1 (acute)

CCC 1  (chronic)

Organism Only

FR Cite/ Source

 

DDT - metabolite TDE

X

 

0.03

ns

1.2

ns

ns

 

 

Dichlorobenzenes

X

 

370

ns

660

ns

850

 

 

Dichloropropanes

 

 

7700

ns

3400

ns

ns

 

 

Dinitrotoluenes

X

 

110

ns

200

ns

3

 

 

Endosulfan 

 

 

0.22

0.056

0.034

0.0087

52

 

Nitrophenols

X

77

ns

1600

ns

ns

 

Pentachloroethanes

 

 

2400

ns

130

ns

ns

 

 

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

X

 

ns

ns

ns

ns

0.01

 

 

Tetrachloroethanes

 

 

3100

ns

ns

ns

ns

 

 

Tetrachlorophenol(2,3,5,6)

 

58902

ns

ns

ns

440

ns

 

 

Note – Compounds listed in the plural in the Pollutant column represent complex mixtures of isomers.  Numbers listed to the right of these compounds refer to the total allowable concentration of any combination of isomers of the compound, not only to concentrations of individual isomers.


     SECTION 3.  (a)  In accordance with 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 131.41, the State designates as coastal recreation waters all waters up to three miles from shore to a depth of thirty-three meters, excluding areas where water contact recreational activities are prohibited by state or federal law or regulation.

     (b)  In coastal recreation waters within five hundred meters from the shoreline, Enterococcus content shall not exceed a geometric mean of thirty-five colony forming units per one hundred milliliters in not less than five samples, which shall be spaced to cover a period between twenty-five and thirty days.  No single sample shall exceed the single sample maximum of one hundred and four colony forming units per one hundred milliliters or the site-specific one-sided seventy-five per cent confidence limit.

     (c)  Coastal recreation waters between five hundred meters and three miles from shore shall be designated as infrequent use coastal recreation waters, and Enterococcus content in these waters shall not exceed a geometric mean of thirty-five colony forming units per one hundred milliliters in not less than five samples, which shall be spaced to cover a period between twenty-five and thirty days.  No single sample shall exceed the single sample maximum of five hundred and one colony forming units per one hundred milliliters or the site-specific one-sided ninety-five per cent confidence limit.

     (d)  At locations where samples are taken less frequently than five samples for each twenty-five to thirty days, no single sample shall exceed the single sample maximum nor shall the geometric mean of these samples taken during the twenty-five to thirty-day period exceed thirty-five colony forming units per one hundred milliliters.

     SECTION 4.  Except as provided in section 2(b) of this Act, to the extent any provision in chapter 11-54, Hawaii Administrative Rules, is inconsistent with this Act, that provision shall be superseded upon approval by the United States Environmental Protection Agency of a corresponding provision or standard.  Water quality standards not inconsistent with this Act remain in effect.

     SECTION 5.  If any provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this Act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are severable.

     SECTION 6.  This Act shall take effect upon approval; provided that:

(1)  The specific water quality standards prescribed in this Act shall take effect upon their approval by the United States Environmental Protection Agency;

(2)  Provisions in this Act relating to any particular pollutant or indicator organism, notwithstanding those pollutants indicated in section 2(c), shall be repealed upon the approval by the United States Environmental Protection Agency of water quality standards for the pollutant or indicator organism identified in this Act, following the State's review and adoption of water quality standards pursuant to Section 303(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended;

(3)  Provisions in section 2(c) of this Act relating to any specific pollutant in the numerical standards for toxic pollutants applicable to all waters shall be repealed upon the adoption of rules, pursuant to chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes, by the department of health that meet the same standard for the specific pollutant as provided in section 2(c); provided further that the provisions for the remaining pollutants specified in section 2(c) shall remain in effect; and

(4)  This Act shall be repealed on June 30, 2011.



[1] Office of Science and Technology. 2006. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4304T).

 

[2] Office of Science and Technology. 2006. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4304T).

 

[3] Office of Science and Technology. 2006. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4304T).