Report Title:

Early Childhood Education Program; Funding; Kindergarten; Entrance Age Requirement

Description:

Establishes a school readiness council to develop the open doors expansion program. Advances the cutoff age for kindergarten to children who are 5 by 8/1 beginning with the 2006-2007 school year. Establishes the early childhood education special fund to fund an early childhood education program by increasing the individual income tax rate from 8.25% to 8.90% to 10.10% for individuals within the highest income brackets.

THE SENATE

S.B. NO.

3083

TWENTY-SECOND LEGISLATURE, 2004

 

STATE OF HAWAII

 


 

A BILL FOR AN ACT

 

relating to EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION.

 

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:

SECTION 1. The legislature finds that early education helps to shape a child's future, as it is the most effective means of closing the K-12 achievement gap. Accordingly, the ability to prepare young children for school is clearly dependent upon the institution of the proper infrastructure to support school readiness. Currently, however, quality early education and care are not only scarce, but also unaffordable for many families in Hawaii.

The legislature also finds that sixty-two per cent of mothers in Hawaii work on a full-time basis and often lose productivity as a result of inadequate child care. Over half of Hawaii's children enter kindergarten up to two years behind academically. Hawaii also suffers from social ills such as high rates of incarceration for drug-related offenses, particularly in light of the crystal methamphetamine epidemic which runs rampant throughout our islands today. The effects of these dynamics further necessitate a highly structured and monitored program to make early education outside of the home accessible to all young children, especially those from low-income families.

Federal, state, and private resources have been utilized to help young children attend preschool programs, including the department of education's special education preschool, Kamehameha Preschools, Head Start, and the department of human services child care program. The amount of funds necessitated and utilized has dramatically increased from in excess of $43,000,000 in 1997 to nearly $83,500,000 in 2001. A total of 8,259 low-income three and four year olds received subsidies in 2001 for various pre-school programs. However, 6,848 low-income three and four year olds that were eligible did not receive assistance in 2001.

Government funding allotted for child care is comprised of monies obtained from the Federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program designated for child care, a federal block grant, and matching funds received from the state equal to a total of approximately $55,000,000. Of that $55,000,000, approximately thirty-five per cent is utilized for formal child care programs, including preschools, family licensed day care centers, and the open doors program. However, the remaining sixty-five per cent of the allotted funds is spent on unstructured, unregulated, informal child care, including the care of young children by relatives and other extended family members.

The legislature further finds that the cost of providing a high quality early education program for low-income three and four year olds who do not receive any assistance is approximately $8,700 per child. Additionally, the cost of providing programs with suitable incentives to implement quality improvement measures, such as employing teachers with appropriate degrees, accreditation, implementing the Hawaii preschool content standards, and authentic assessment, would require an additional $300 per child.

The legislature determines that investing in quality early education and care is a preventive strategy that will ultimately save Hawaii money by reducing social risk factors and further costs to society. Research estimates that for every dollar invested in early childhood education there is a savings to the State of $7 in foregone remedial education costs, a reduction in welfare dependency, and a reduced crime rate. The return on this investment will generate benefits that greatly exceed its cost. Therefore, steps must be taken to ensure that existing federal, state, and private funding is properly utilized to provide programs and assistance to our young children for their social and academic success.

The legislature finds that studies nationally and locally have found substantial differences between "older" students and "younger" students within a grade, in terms of their performance and ability. Additional data relating to students' birth dates and specific learning disabilities have been analyzed locally. Analysis of March 1998 statewide data indicated a correlation between birth month and learning disability certification. It was found that a disproportionate number of those born in the latter half of the calendar year (July through December) were classified as learning disabled. Students at greatest risk are boys born between July and December. They account for a disproportionate number of students who are retained at their present grade level, have school adjustment problems, or are certified as learning disabled. Comparisons between Hawaii students and students in other states on national achievement tests in later grades are likely to be more equitable if the entry age of Hawaii students is more closely aligned to that of most other states.

In light of these and other findings, the legislature believes that a change in the minimum age requirement for entrance to kindergarten will provide a more level playing field for students born in the latter half of the calendar year. The temporary inconvenience or disruption to some parents and the education system must be weighed against the potential long-term benefit to the child and the cost savings to society that result as enrollment in special education and other remedial programs decline. The legislature further finds that, in the long run, changing the kindergarten entrance age will prove to be sound public policy that will result in the most good for the majority of the general public.

Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to provide for the establishment of a school readiness council to develop the open doors expansion program, an early childhood education program designed to meet professionally accepted standards and delivered by well-trained early childhood educators in a variety of public and private settings. This Act will also advance the cutoff date for kindergarten to August 1 beginning with the 2006-2007 school year, and allow those students born August 2 to December 31 of the same school year, the "gap group" who would no longer be eligible for kindergarten, to be eligible for preschool programs receiving funds under this Act. This Act also provides for the funding of an early childhood education program through an increase in the individual income tax rate from 8.25 per cent to 8.90 to 10.10 per cent for individuals within the highest income brackets.

PART I

SECTION 2. (a) There is hereby established a school readiness council (council), which shall be placed within the department of human services for administrative purposes, to develop the open doors expansion program (ODEP), a voluntary preschool program for all preschool-aged children in Hawaii. The council shall be established as an ad hoc entity and consist of fifteen members appointed by the governor as provided in section 26-34, Hawaii Revised Statutes, from each of the following categories, unless otherwise indicated:

(1) A member of the senate appointed by the president of the senate;

(2) A member of the house of representatives appointed by the speaker of the house of representatives;

(3) Department of education;

(4) Department of health;

(5) Department of human services;

(6) University of Hawaii college of education;

(7) Kamehameha Schools;

(8) Hawaii state teachers association;

(9) Hawaii Association for Education of Young Children;

(10) Head Start;

(11) Program coordinating council of the early childhood education programs of University of Hawaii community colleges;

(12) University of Hawaii Center on the Family;

(13) People Attentive to Children Hawaii (PATCH);

(14) Child Care Business Coalition; and

(15) Hawaii Business Roundtable.

The Good Beginnings Alliance and the Interdepartmental Council and community councils, specified under Act 77, Session Laws of Hawaii 1997, as amended by Act 60, Session Laws of Hawaii 2001, section 2, as amended by Act 13, Session Laws of Hawaii 2003, section 2, shall facilitate this council.

(b) Council members shall receive no compensation. Council members shall be reimbursed for necessary travel expenses incurred in the conduct of official council business. The chairperson of the council shall be designated by the members of the council.

(c) Within twelve months of the effective date of this Act, the council shall develop a plan for the establishment of the ODEP. The plan for the ODEP shall provide as follows:

(1) Child subsidies shall be directed to the preschool programs enrolling the child;

(2) Preschool programs receiving ODEP funds shall also be eligible to receive quality improvement incentive grants;

(3) Preschool programs receiving ODEP funds shall demonstrate a willingness to serve and integrate children of diverse abilities and special needs, diverse cultural linguistic backgrounds and diverse economic circumstances;

(4) A child shall be eligible for participation based upon the following successive criteria until the ODEP can fully meet the needs of all preschool-aged children in Hawaii:

(A) The child is four years old by program start date; and

(B) The child resides within the geographic boundaries of a department of education Title I elementary school;

(5) A sliding fee scale for participation in a preschool program shall apply requiring families to be assessed a fee based upon their income level and ability to pay;

(6) Preschool programs receiving ODEP funds shall be required to adopt the Hawaii preschool content standards, which incorporates essential elements of high-quality early education and care program content and promotes healthy cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional and physical outcomes for children;

(7) Standards that shall include the use of a developmentally appropriate curriculum aligned with the 2003 Hawaii preschool content standards or any subsequent amendments thereto;

(8) Standards shall be based upon the department of human services child care services licensing standards and incorporate essential elements of the nationally approved accreditation standards set by the National Association for the Education of Young Children;

(9) Preschool programs, within five years of initially receiving ODEP funding, shall employ a program director and at least one teacher in each classroom to hold an associates degree with specialized training in early childhood education or a related field;

(10) Preschool programs, within ten years of initially receiving ODEP funding, shall employ a program director and at least one teacher in each classroom to hold a bachelor's degree with specialized training in early childhood education or a related field; and

(11) A base funding level shall be established for programs that meet the ODEP standard, provided that programs that meet the requirements of paragraph (8) or (9) shall be eligible to qualify for higher funding levels.

(d) The council shall advise the State in developing the ODEP and provide on-going oversight to the department of human services on the progress of the program. The council shall also be tasked with:

(1) Developing the funding allocation for the ODEP to ensure that funding is:

(A) Adequate for programs to meet and maintain standards;

(B) Sufficient to allow programs to meet compensation guidelines for directors and teachers as prescribed by the professional development board, established in this part;

(C) Complementary to and does not supplant existing funding streams;

(D) Structured to allow direct payment of funding to programs serving children;

(E) Designed to allow programs to deliver ODEP services to families as described in this part; and

(F) Reflective of a policy to ensure family choice;

(2) Working to ensure that each county has a community council, pursuant to Act 77, Session Laws of Hawaii 1997, as amended by Act 60, Session Laws of Hawaii 2001, section 2, as amended by Act 13, Session Laws of Hawaii 2003, section 2, that shall be responsible for developing and submitting to the council a plan to inform the implementation of the ODEP within their community that includes the following:

(A) An assessment of the current and future supply and demand for early education services within the community for children from birth to five years old, and identification of potentially eligible ODEP providers in the community;

(B) Strategies for ensuring that families are informed about and can easily access existing and new early education and care resources;

(C) Methods by which to inform the public about the ODEP and to coordinate with public and private agencies to create a consumer-friendly intake system; and

(D) Strategies for working with families to ensure successful transitions to early education and care programs from home or infant programs and to kindergarten from home or early education and care programs;

(3) Holding public hearings on the plan to elicit feedback from the community;

(4) Developing a phase-in plan for the ODEP that provides an equitable balance of representation from urban and rural communities, beginning in Title I school areas and extending statewide upon full implementation within ten years of the effective date of this part; and

(5) Conducting an annual assessment to ensure that the resources exist for both preschool programs and teachers to achieve the goals described in the program standard.

(e) The council shall develop a plan for the consolidation and coordination of publicly funded early education and care administration and functions. In developing the plan, the council shall review current early education and care programs, services, and funding at various public agencies; analyze options for implementing an effective and permanent administrative structure; and ensure authentic consultation and representation by consumers and providers of early education and care in administration of the new system. The plan shall include strategies, recommendations, and methods to:

(1) Describe the coordination of services of current programs including child care connection federal subsidies, current open doors subsidies, and pre-plus facilities;

(2) Coordinate and maximize existing federal, state, and local early education and care funding with other community resources to increase the options available for families, including, but not limited, to partnerships with Head Start, Kamehameha Schools, military, and native Hawaiian early childhood programs;

(3) Direct subsidies to the preschool programs enrolling the child and incorporate quality improvement incentives to programs meeting program standards;

(4) Utilize existing community preschools and available department of human services resources, including, but not limited to, pre-plus facilities;

(5) Ensure regulatory, funding and administrative alignment, including, but not limited to, streamlining administrative paperwork and addressing inconsistencies and conflicts in subsidy eligibility criteria, sliding-fee scales, reimbursement rates, services, regulations, and policies among publicly funded agencies;

(6) Strengthen consumer education and accessibility to existing and new early education and care resources;

(7) Create a single application form that can be used across early education and care programs for all families seeking financial assistance, while maintaining multiple points of entry to ensure maximum access for families; and

(8) Create an effective data collection system to support the necessary functions of a consolidated system and to enable accurate evaluation of its impact.

(f) The council shall make a recommendation to the governor for an agency or organization to provide for the administration of the ODEP, once implemented.

(g) The council shall submit its proposed plans for the ODEP, program consolidation and coordination, and the professional development board's workforce development system plan established pursuant to section 6(c) of this Act to the governor within twelve months of the effective date of this part for its review and approval. Upon approval, the governor shall submit to the legislature any necessary proposed legislation for the implementation of the ODEP.

SECTION 3. (a) The department of education shall design and implement a developmentally appropriate assessment of school readiness within each kindergarten classroom in the State. This assessment will focus upon kindergarten classrooms to assess whether children enter kindergarten ready to learn, and whether schools are prepared to receive those children. School readiness assessment costs shall be included in the ODEP annual budget and shall be calculated based upon a per child rate.

(b) The department of human services, in consultation with the council, shall provide for and manage a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation and impact of the ODEP that shall include items to be determined by the council. Annual comprehensive program evaluation costs shall be included in the ODEP annual budget and shall constitute approximately six per cent of the total ODEP expenditures.

(c) The department of human services, in consultation with the council, shall also be responsible for the following:

(1) Administering funding directly to programs to provide ODEP services;

(2) Utilizing local needs assessment data to assess supply and demand statewide;

(3) Monitoring ODEP programs on a regular basis for compliance with standards as established by the council as well as for compliance with applicable standards and laws including appropriate punishment for violations; and

(4) Maximizing family choice by ensuring that not less than fifty per cent of total ODEP is delivered through community-based, non-public school programs.

SECTION 4. (a) There is established a Hawaii professional development board (development board), which shall be placed within the department of human services for administrative purposes only. The development board shall include representatives from organizations and agencies representing a broad spectrum of expertise, knowledge, and understanding of workforce development, as well as early childhood education workforce development, including but not limited to representatives selected by the council from the following:

(1) Licensed teachers regularly engaged in teaching;

(2) Educational officers;

(3) The chairperson of the board of education or the chairperson's designee;

(4) The superintendent or the superintendent's designee;

(5) A representative of independent schools;

(6) The dean of the University of Hawaii college of education or the dean's designee; and

(7) A representative from the Early Childhood Professional Organization.

To the extent possible, the development board membership shall reflect representation from all of the islands within the State.

(b) Development board members shall receive no compensation. Development board members shall be reimbursed for necessary travel expenses incurred in the conduct of official board business. The chairperson of the development board shall be designated by the members of the development board.

(c) Within twelve months of the effective date of this part, the development board shall establish a workforce development system designed to support the education, training and compensation of early education and care workforce. The plan shall include the following:

(1) An inventory of existing training programs and support;

(2) An analysis and data of current workforce composition;

(3) A career ladder;

(4) A registry;

(5) Incentives and supports for additional training and education;

(6) An articulated system of education;

(7) A streamlined certification process;

(8) Incentives for associate's degree and bachelor's degree attainment; and

(9) Recruitment and retention strategies.

(d) The development board shall present a draft of the workforce development system plan to the council for discussion and approval. Upon approval, the development board shall oversee the implementation of the workforce development system.

PART II

SECTION 5. Section 302A-411, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§302A-411 Kindergartens; establishment; attendance. (a) The department shall establish and maintain kindergartens with a program of instruction as a part of the public school system; provided that attendance shall not be mandatory. [No child shall attend any kindergarten unless the child will be at least five years of age on or before December 31 of the school year; provided that a child attending a school that convenes after the regular school schedule shall be five years of age on or before one hundred twenty-five days following the date the school convenes; and provided further that the board shall develop informational guidance to promote the understanding of a child's readiness for kindergarten.] The department shall establish procedures and criteria to determine the readiness of children for public school kindergarten. Parents and guardians may request an assessment of the child and the department may grant an exception in the case of a child who is found to be ready for kindergarten. All teachers who teach kindergarten, first, or second grades, and principals of public elementary schools, shall enforce this section.

(b) Beginning with the 2005-2006 school year, a child who will be at least five years of age on or before January 1 of the school year may attend a public school kindergarten. Beginning with the 2006-2007 school year, a child who will be at least five years of age on or before August 1 of the school year may attend a public school kindergarten. Children who will be at least five years of age after August 1 and before January 1 of the school year shall be eligible for preschool programs, funded by the open doors expansion program.

(c) The department may accept gifts to establish and maintain kindergartens."

PART III

SECTION 6. Chapter 235, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:

"§235-   Remittance. A sum equal to     per cent of the individual income tax revenues realized by the State shall be deposited into the state treasury in each fiscal year to the credit of the state early childhood education special fund, established under section 302A-   ."

SECTION 7. Chapter 302A, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part V, to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:

"§302A-   State early childhood education special fund. There is created in the treasury of the State the state early childhood education special fund, into which shall be deposited a portion of all individual income tax revenues collected by the department of taxation, as provided under section 235-   . The special fund shall be used solely to fund an early childhood education program. Appropriations or authorizations from the special fund shall be expended by the superintendent."

SECTION 8. Section 235-51, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"235-51 Tax imposed on individuals; rates. (a) There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of (1) every taxpayer who files a joint return under section 235-93; and (2) every surviving spouse a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1998:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $4,000 1.60% of taxable income

Over $4,000 but $64.00 plus 3.90% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $220.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $16,000 excess over $8,000

Over $16,000 but $764.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $24,000 excess over $16,000

Over $24,000 but $1,340.00 plus 7.50% of

not over $32,000 excess over $24,000

Over $32,000 but $1,940.00 plus 7.80% of

not over $40,000 excess over $32,000

Over $40,000 but $2,564.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $60,000 excess over $40,000

Over $60,000 but $4,204.00 plus 8.50% of

not over $80,000 excess over $60,000

Over $80,000 $5,904.00 plus 8.75% of

excess over $80,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $4,000 1.50% of taxable income

Over $4,000 but $60.00 plus 3.70% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $208.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $16,000 excess over $8,000

Over $16,000 but $720.00 plus 6.90% of

not over $24,000 excess over $16,000

Over $24,000 but $1,272.00 plus 7.30% of

not over $32,000 excess over $24,000

Over $32,000 but $1,856.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $40,000 excess over $32,000

Over $40,000 but $2,464.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $60,000 excess over $40,000

Over $60,000 but $4,044.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $80,000 excess over $60,000

Over $80,000 $5,684.00 plus 8.50% of

excess over $80,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2001:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $4,000 1.40% of taxable income

Over $4,000 but $56.00 plus 3.20% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $184.00 plus 5.50% of

not over $16,000 excess over $8,000

Over $16,000 but $624.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $24,000 excess over $16,000

Over $24,000 but $1,136.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $32,000 excess over $24,000

Over $32,000 but $1,680.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $40,000 excess over $32,000

Over $40,000 but $2,256.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $60,000 excess over $40,000

Over $60,000 but $3,776.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $80,000 excess over $60,000

Over $80,000 but $5,356.00 plus 8.25% of

not over $200,000 excess over $80,000

Over $200,000 but $          plus 8.90% of

not over $240,000 excess over $200,000

Over $240,000 but $          plus 9.50 of

not over $300,000 excess over $240,000

Over $300,000 $ plus 10.10% of

excess over $300,000

(b) There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1998:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $3,000 1.60% of taxable income

Over $3,000 but $48.00 plus 3.90% of

not over $6,000 excess over $3,000

Over $6,000 but $165.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $12,000 excess over $6,000

Over $12,000 but $573.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $18,000 excess over $12,000

Over $18,000 but $1,005.00 plus 7.50% of

not over $24,000 excess over $18,000

Over $24,000 but $1,455.00 plus 7.80% of

not over $30,000 excess over $24,000

Over $30,000 but $1,923.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $45,000 excess over $30,000

Over $45,000 but $3,153.00 plus 8.50% of

not over $60,000 excess over $45,000

Over $60,000 $4,428.00 plus 8.75% of

excess over $60,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $3,000 1.50% of taxable income

Over $3,000 but $45.00 plus 3.70% of

not over $6,000 excess over $3,000

Over $6,000 but $156.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $12,000 excess over $6,000

Over $12,000 but $540.00 plus 6.90% of

not over $18,000 excess over $12,000

Over $18,000 but $954.00 plus 7.30% of

not over $24,000 excess over $18,000

Over $24,000 but $1,392.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $30,000 excess over $24,000

Over $30,000 but $1,848.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $45,000 excess over $30,000

Over $45,000 but $3,033.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $60,000 excess over $45,000

Over $60,000 $4,263.00 plus 8.50% of

excess over $60,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2001:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $3,000 1.40% of taxable income

Over $3,000 but $42.00 plus 3.20% of

not over $6,000 excess over $3,000

Over $6,000 but $138.00 plus 5.50% of

not over $12,000 excess over $6,000

Over $12,000 but $468.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $18,000 excess over $12,000

Over $18,000 but $852.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $24,000 excess over $18,000

Over $24,000 but $1,260.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $30,000 excess over $24,000

Over $30,000 but $1,692.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $45,000 excess over $30,000

Over $45,000 but $2,832.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $60,000 excess over $45,000

Over $60,000 but $4,017.00 plus 8.25% of

not over $150,000 excess over $60,000

Over $150,000 but $          plus 8.90% of

not over $180,000 excess over $150,000

Over $180,000 but $ plus 9.50% of

not over $225,000 excess over $180,000

Over $225,000 $ plus 10.10% of

excess over $225,000

(c) There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of (1) every unmarried individual (other than a surviving spouse, or the head of a household) and (2) on the taxable income of every married individual who does not make a single return jointly with the individual's spouse under section 235-93 a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1998:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.60% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $32.00 plus 3.90% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $110.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $382.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $670.00 plus 7.50% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $970.00 plus 7.80% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,282.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $2,102.00 plus 8.50% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 $2,952.00 plus 8.75% of

excess over $40,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.50% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $30.00 plus 3.70% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $104.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $360.00 plus 6.90% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $636.00 plus 7.30% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $928.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,232.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $2,022.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 $2,842.00 plus 8.50% of

excess over $40,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2001:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.40% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $28.00 plus 3.20% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $92.00 plus 5.50% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $312.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $568.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $840.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,128.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $1,888.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 but $2,678.00 plus 8.25% of

not over $100,000 excess over $40,000

Over $100,000 but $          plus 8.90% of

not over $120,000 excess over $100,000

Over $120,000 but $ plus 9.50% of

not over $150,000 excess over $120,000

Over $150,000 $ plus 10.10% of

excess over $150,000

(d) The tax imposed by section 235-2.45 on estates and trusts shall be determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1998:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.60% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $32.00 plus 3.90% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $110.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $382.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $670.00 plus 7.50% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $970.00 plus 7.80% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,282.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $2,102.00 plus 8.50% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 $2,952.00 plus 8.75% of

excess over $40,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2000:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.50% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $30.00 plus 3.70% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $104.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $360.00 plus 6.90% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $636.00 plus 7.30% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $928.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,232.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $2,022.00 plus 8.20% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 $2,842.00 plus 8.50% of

excess over $40,000

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2001:

If the taxable income is: The tax shall be:

Not over $2,000 1.40% of taxable income

Over $2,000 but $28.00 plus 3.20% of

not over $4,000 excess over $2,000

Over $4,000 but $92.00 plus 5.50% of

not over $8,000 excess over $4,000

Over $8,000 but $312.00 plus 6.40% of

not over $12,000 excess over $8,000

Over $12,000 but $568.00 plus 6.80% of

not over $16,000 excess over $12,000

Over $16,000 but $840.00 plus 7.20% of

not over $20,000 excess over $16,000

Over $20,000 but $1,128.00 plus 7.60% of

not over $30,000 excess over $20,000

Over $30,000 but $1,888.00 plus 7.90% of

not over $40,000 excess over $30,000

Over $40,000 $2,678.00 plus 8.25% of

excess over $40,000

(e) Any taxpayer, other than a corporation, acting as a business entity in more than one state who is required by this chapter to file a return may elect to report and pay a tax of .5 per cent of its annual gross sales (1) where the taxpayer's only activities in this State consist of sales; and (2) who does not own or rent real estate or tangible personal property; and (3) whose annual gross sales in or into this State during the tax year is not in excess of $100,000.

(f) If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year to which this subsection applies, then the tax imposed by this section shall not exceed the sum of:

(1) The tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of:

(A) The taxable income reduced by the amount of net capital gain, or

(B) The amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 7.25 per cent, plus

(2) A tax of 7.25 per cent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the amount determined under paragraph (1).

This subsection shall apply to individuals, estates, and trusts for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986."

SECTION 9. It is the intent of the legislature that any cost-savings realized by the department of education due to changing the age of entry into kindergarten to August 1 beginning with the 2006-2007 school year, be reallocated by the department for gap group programs established pursuant to this Act. The superintendent of education shall determine, based upon preliminary enrollment numbers, the projected amount of cost-savings to be realized and report those amounts to the legislature not later than March 1 of the regular session of 2006.

SECTION 10. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 11. This Act shall take effect upon its approval; provided that sections 6 and 8 shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.

INTRODUCED BY:

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