Report Title:

Penal Code

Description:

Makes mandatory minimum sentencing without the possibility of parole for repeat offenses applies to firearms violations to places to keep firearms and providing false information. Prohibits probation for a broader class of felony firearm offenders. Broadens range of offense for which specialized treatment and terms are not applicable to a young adult defendant. Creates a single degree offense of reckless endangering.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

H.B. NO.

804

TWENTY-SECOND LEGISLATURE, 2003

 

STATE OF HAWAII

 


 

A BILL FOR AN ACT

 

RELATING TO THE PENAL CODE.

 

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:

SECTION 1. Section 706-606.5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (1) to read as follows:

"(1) Notwithstanding section 706-669 and any other law to the contrary, any person convicted of murder in the second degree, any class A felony, any class B felony, or any of the following class C felonies: section 188-23 relating to possession or use of explosives, electrofishing devices, and poisonous substances in state waters; section 707-703 relating to negligent homicide in the first degree; 707-711 relating to assault in the second degree; 707-713 relating to reckless endangering in the first degree; 707-716 relating to terroristic threatening in the first degree; 707-721 relating to unlawful imprisonment in the first degree; 707-732 relating to sexual assault or rape in the third degree; 707-735 relating to sodomy in the third degree; 707-736 relating to sexual abuse in the first degree; 707-751 relating to promoting child abuse in the second degree; 707-766 relating to extortion in the second degree; 708-811 relating to burglary in the second degree; 708-821 relating to criminal property damage in the second degree; 708-831 relating to theft in the first degree as amended by Act 68, Session Laws of Hawaii 1981; 708-831 relating to theft in the second degree; 708-835.5 relating to theft of livestock; 708-836 relating to unauthorized control of propelled vehicle; 708-852 relating to forgery in the second degree; 708-854 relating to criminal possession of a forgery device; 708-875 relating to trademark counterfeiting; 710-1071 relating to intimidating a witness; 711-1103 relating to riot; 712-1203 relating to promoting prostitution in the second degree; 712-1221 relating to gambling in the first degree; 712-1224 relating to possession of gambling records in the first degree; 712-1243 relating to promoting a dangerous drug in the third degree; 712-1247 relating to promoting a detrimental drug in the first degree; 134-6 relating to place to keep firearms; 134-7 relating to ownership or possession of firearms or ammunition by persons convicted of certain crimes; 134-8 relating to ownership, etc., of prohibited weapons; 134-9 relating to permits to carry[,]; section 134-17 relating to providing false information, or who is convicted of attempting to commit murder in the second degree, any class A felony, any class B felony, or any of the class C felony offenses enumerated above and who has a prior conviction or prior convictions for the following felonies, including an attempt to commit the same: murder, murder in the first or second degree, a class A felony, a class B felony, any of the class C felony offenses enumerated above, or any felony conviction of another jurisdiction shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum period of imprisonment without possibility of parole during such period as follows:

(a) One prior felony conviction:

(i) Where the instant conviction is for murder in the second degree or attempted murder in the second degree--ten years;

(ii) Where the instant conviction is for a class A felony--six years, eight months;

(iii) Where the instant conviction is for a class B felony--three years, four months;

(iv) Where the instant conviction is for a class C felony offense enumerated above--one year, eight months;

(b) Two prior felony convictions:

(i) Where the instant conviction is for murder in the second degree or attempted murder in the second degree--twenty years;

(ii) Where the instant conviction is for a class A felony--thirteen years, four months;

(iii) Where the instant conviction is for a class B felony--six years, eight months;

(iv) Where the instant conviction is for a class C felony offense enumerated above--three years, four months;

(c) Three or more prior felony convictions:

(i) Where the instant conviction is for murder in the second degree or attempted murder in the second degree--thirty years;

(ii) Where the instant conviction is for a class A felony--twenty years;

(iii) Where the instant conviction is for a class B felony--ten years;

(iv) Where the instant conviction is for a class C felony offense enumerated above--five years."

SECTION 2. Section 706-620, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§706-620 Authority to withhold sentence of imprisonment. A defendant who has been convicted of a crime may be sentenced to a term of probation unless:

(1) The crime is first or second degree murder or attempted first or second degree murder;

(2) The crime is a class A felony, except class A felonies defined in chapter 712, part IV, and by section 707-702;

(3) The defendant is a repeat offender under section 706-606.5;

(4) The defendant is a felony firearm offender as defined in section [706-660.1(2);] 706-660.1; or

(5) The crime involved the death of or the infliction of serious or substantial bodily injury upon a child, an elder person, or a handicapped person under section 706-660.2."

SECTION 3. Section 706-662, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§706-662 Criteria for extended terms of imprisonment. A convicted defendant may be subject to an extended term of imprisonment under section 706-661, if the convicted defendant satisfies one or more of the following criteria:

(1) The defendant is a persistent offender whose imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless the defendant has previously been convicted of two felonies committed at different times when the defendant was eighteen years of age or older.

(2) The defendant is a professional criminal whose imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless:

(a) The circumstances of the crime show that the defendant has knowingly engaged in criminal activity as a major source of livelihood; or

(b) The defendant has substantial income or resources not explained to be derived from a source other than criminal activity.

(3) The defendant is a dangerous person whose imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless the defendant has been subjected to a psychiatric or psychological evaluation that documents a significant history of dangerousness to others resulting in criminally violent conduct, and this history makes the defendant a serious danger to others. Nothing in this section precludes the introduction of victim-related data in order to establish dangerousness in accord with the Hawaii rules of evidence.

(4) The defendant is a multiple offender whose criminal actions were so extensive that a sentence of imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless:

(a) The defendant is being sentenced for two or more felonies or is already under sentence of imprisonment for felony; or

(b) The maximum terms of imprisonment authorized for each of the defendant's crimes, if made to run consecutively would equal or exceed in length the maximum of the extended term imposed, or would equal or exceed forty years if the extended term imposed is for a class A felony.

(5) The defendant is an offender against the elderly, handicapped, or a minor under the age of eight, whose imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for the protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless:

(a) The defendant attempts or commits any of the following crimes: murder, manslaughter, a sexual offense that constitutes a felony under chapter 707, robbery, felonious assault, burglary, [or] kidnapping[;], or a firearms offense that constitutes a felony under chapter 134; and

(b) The defendant, in the course of committing or attempting to commit the crime, inflicts serious or substantial bodily injury upon a person who is:

(i) Sixty years of age or older;

(ii) Blind, a paraplegic, or a quadriplegic; or

(iii) Eight years of age or younger; and

(c) Such disability is known or reasonably should be known to the defendant.

(6) The defendant is a hate crime offender whose imprisonment for an extended term is necessary for the protection of the public. The court shall not make this finding unless:

(a) The defendant is convicted of a crime under chapter 134, 707, 708, or 711; and

(b) The defendant intentionally selected a victim, or in the case of a property crime, the property that was the object of a crime, because of hostility toward the actual or perceived race, religion, disability, ethnicity, national origin, or sexual orientation of any person."

SECTION 4. Section 706-667, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§706-667 Young adult defendants. (1) Defined. A young adult defendant is a person convicted of a crime who, at the time of sentencing, is less than twenty-two years of age and who has not been previously convicted of a felony as an adult or adjudicated as a juvenile for an offense that would have constituted a felony had the young adult defendant been an adult.

(2) Specialized correctional treatment. A young adult defendant who is sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may exceed thirty days may be committed by the court to the custody of the department of public safety, shall receive, as far as practicable, such special and individualized correctional and rehabilitative treatment as may be appropriate to the young adult defendant's needs.

(3) Special term. A young adult defendant convicted of a felony may, in lieu of any other sentence of imprisonment authorized by this chapter, be sentenced to a special indeterminate term of imprisonment if the court is of the opinion that such special term is adequate for the young adult defendant's correction and rehabilitation and will not jeopardize the protection of the public. When ordering a special indeterminate term of imprisonment, the court shall impose the maximum length of imprisonment which shall be eight years for a class A felony, five years for a class B felony, and four years for a class C felony. The minimum length of imprisonment shall be set by the Hawaii paroling authority in accordance with section 706-669. During this special indeterminate term, the young adult will be incarcerated separately from career criminals, when practicable.

This section shall not apply to the offenses of murder or attempted murder[.]; any prohibition relating to automatic firearms or silencers, or other prohibition under section 134-8; felony firearm offenses under section 706-660.1; offenses against children, elder persons, or handicapped persons under section 706-660.2 or 706-662; or offenses by repeat, persistent, professional criminal or dangerous offenders under section 706-606.5 or 706-662."

SECTION 5. Section 707-713, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:

"§707-713 Reckless endangering [in the first degree]. (1) A person commits the offense of reckless endangering [in the first degree if the person employs widely dangerous means in a manner which recklessly places another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury or intentionally fires a firearm in a manner which recklessly places another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury.] if:

(a) The person knowingly fires a firearm in a populated area, in a residential area, or within the boundaries or in the direction of any road, street, or highway; or

(b) The person engages in conduct that recklessly places another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury.

(2) This section shall not apply to any person who discharges a firearm upon a target range for the purpose of the target shooting done in compliance with all laws and applicable rules.

(3) Reckless endangering [in the first degree] is a class C felony."

SECTION 6. Section 708-840, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (2) to read as follows:

"(2) As used in this section, "dangerous instrument" means any firearm, whether loaded or not, and whether operable or not, or other weapon, device, instrument, material, or substance, whether animate or inanimate, [which] that in the manner it is used or [threatened to be used is] intended to be used is known to be capable of producing death or serious bodily injury."

SECTION 7. Section 707-714, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is repealed.

["§707-714 Reckless endangering in the second degree. (1) A person commits the offense of reckless endangering in the second degree if the person engages in conduct which recklessly places another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury.

(2) For the purposes of this section and in addition to other applications, a person engages in conduct which recklessly places another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury when that person intentionally discharges a firearm in a populated area, in a residential area or within the boundaries or in the direction of any road, street or highway; provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any person who discharges a firearm upon a target range for the purpose of the target shooting done in compliance with all laws and regulations applicable thereto.

(3) Reckless endangering in the second degree is a misdemeanor."]

SECTION 8. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.

SECTION 9. This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun, before its effective date.

SECTION 10. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

INTRODUCED BY:

_____________________________

By Request